Mr. Wieck was a piano teacher of high repute. In 1885, Schumann once again joined Joachim conducting Mozart's Piano Concerto in D minor, again playing her own cadenzas. Voreingestellt werden nur zulssige Cookies, fr die wir keine Einwilligung bentigen. ", In her late 40s, Schumann began to suffer from neuralgia and rheumatism, and she later grew deaf. Her father Friedrich Wieck supported the family through teaching music, operating a musical lending library, and handling the rental, sales and repair of pianos; her mother Marianne Tromlitz was a singer who performed frequently in the Leipzig Gewandhaus, and had also grown up in a musical family. [79] By the mid-1850s, after Robert's decline, the young Brahms had joined the cause,[80] and to promote her ideals and protect what she saw as an attack on her husband's beliefs, she, Brahms, and Joseph Joachim[81][82] formed a group of conservative musicians[83] who defended Robert Schumann's critical ideals of the legacy and respectability of music, the pinnacle of which had been Beethoven. Clara was still only nine when she met Robert Schumann at the home of friends. Her life was partly defined by her marriage to German composer Robert Schumann, whose keyboard works she championed as a performer, but her own accomplishments, which include a small but important body of . 1 was Quatre Polonaises pour le pianoforte composed in 1831, and Op. . After her marriage, she usually performed her husband's works rather than her own. Sibling: Not Available: Children: Not Available: Clara Schumann . On the suggestion of Robert Schumann and with the support of Felix Mendelssohn, he enrolled at the Leipzig Conservatoire in 1846 where he pursued his training with Moritz Hauptmann, Ignaz Moscheles, Julius Rietz, and Niels Wilhelm Gade until 1850. This article was most recently revised and updated by, https://www.britannica.com/biography/Clara-Schumann. Schumann, Music's Unsung Renaissance Woman. In her creative hands, the most ordinary passage, the most routine motive acquires a significant meaning, a colour, which only those with the most consummate artistry can give. London: Harrap, 1962. "[15], Robert Schumann was a little more than nine years older than Wieck. [64] She championed the works of her husband and other contemporaries such as Brahms, Chopin and Mendelssohn.[64]. She died in Frankfurt, Germany. Biography. [39] St. James's Hall in London, which opened in 1858, hosted a series of "Popular Concerts" of chamber music. Clara was also trained by Christian Weinlig and Heinrich Dorn. [40] Schumann also spent many years in London participating in the Popular Concerts with Joachim and the celebrated Italian cellist Carlo Alfredo Piatti. Clara had three brothers and a half-sister, Marie. Several of the proponents and signers of the manifesto, including Joachim, relented and joined the "other side". There were also times, however, when she performed with some of Europe's great orchestras, and she also enjoyed playing with chamber groups and for sonata and lieder recitals. She gave some advice about the Adagio, which he took to heart. Interest in her compositions began to revive in the late 20th century, and her 2019 bicentenary prompted new books and exhibitions. One of the most renowned figures among classical musicians of the nineteenth century, Clara Schumann (1819-1896) was sometimes known as Europe's Queen of the Piano. [49][50] She had chosen Frankfurt among offers from Stuttgart, Hannover, and Berlin, because the director, Joachim Raff, had accepted her conditions: she could not teach more than 1-1/2 hours per day, was free to teach at her home, and had four months of vacation and time off for short tours in winter. Between 1849 and 1859, he was a member of the Italian Opera Orchestra in St Petersburg and then lived in Dresden, working as a music teacher. Beginning in 1853, the Schumanns developed a close professional and personal friendship with the composer Johannes Brahms that Clara maintained after her husbands death in 1856. She lived from 1819 - 1896. [17][18] From then on, the couple maintained a joint musical and personal diary of their life together. In early 1840, the lawsuit was still unsettled, and Clara was under great strain when she began a new series of concerts. [44] She continued her annual winter-spring concert tours of England, giving 16 of them between 1865 and 1888, often with violinist Joachim.[45]. [87], One of Clara Schumann's difficulties with Liszt stemmed from a philosophical difference in performance practice. [2] Clara's parents had irreconcilable differences, in part due to her father's unyielding nature. Among Clara Schumann's family members only her parents, her siblings and half siblings (both paternal and maternal) are listed. "[70] Her husband also expressed concern about the effect on her composing output: Clara has composed a series of small pieces, which show a musical and tender ingenuity such as she has never attained before. Encouraged by her father, she studied piano from the age of five and by 1835 had established a reputation throughout Europe as a child prodigy. Today her compositions are increasingly performed and recorded. Bargiel, Ernst Amadeus Theodor Eugen (1830 Berlin 1907 Bucharest), half-brother. Her collection of 1,299 concert programs spanning her career from 1828 to 1891 is an . The sisters Emilie and Elise List were daughters of the economist Friedrich List (1789-1846) and moved with their family to Leipzig in 1833. Chicago, IL: University of Illinois Press, 1986, pp. Brahms dedicated the variations to both Schumanns, hoping that Robert would be released soon and rejoined with his family. NY: Summit, 1989, pp. In addition, Friedrich Wieck gave her singing lessons and in the 1860s, Marie performed as a solo singer. [54], Clara and Robert Schumann had eight children:[55], Her life was punctuated by tragedy. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press, 1985. On 4 December 1845, she premiered Robert Schumann's Piano Concerto in Dresden. Cite this article Pick a style below, and copy the text for your bibliography. From her first public performance in 1828 until her 60th-year jubilee in 1888, Schumann's artistry continued to grow. [35], The couple remained joint partners in both family life and their careers. Clara and her siblings remained, as was the law at the time, in the custody of their father. Ccilie was always so nice to me, so attentive, although she is already so old and actually in need of care. Dresden, Dresden, Saxony, Germany. On October 15, 1837, Clara set off on a tour of Austria, where she risked playing new music by Liszt, Schumann, and Beethoven. Bargiel, Ccilie (1831 Berlin 1910 Waldsieversdorf/Brandenburg), half-sister, Ccilie lived together with her mother Mariane until the latters death in 1872, taking care of the household. [63] Over 1,300 concert programs from her performances throughout Europe between 1831 through 1889 have been preserved. https://www.encyclopedia.com/women/encyclopedias-almanacs-transcripts-and-maps/schumann-clara-1819-1896, "Schumann, Clara (18191896) Marianne was permitted to keep her young daughter with her until Clara's fifth birthday, when she was required by law to return her to her father. This was also the year that Robert first kissed her. Chissell, Joan. Together, they encouraged Johannes Brahms and maintained a close relationship with him. She also began to play by memory rather than reading from music during concerts, which was then unusual. Encyclopedia.com gives you the ability to cite reference entries and articles according to common styles from the Modern Language Association (MLA), The Chicago Manual of Style, and the American Psychological Association (APA). Her husband was permanently institutionalized after a mental collapse. Nauhaus, Gerd, ed. First editions and early prints (Brahms Institute in Lbeck), Clara Wiecks Journey with her father in Fictionalised Biographies, Schumann as accompanist. When she was 15, Robert was briefly engaged to another of Wieck's pupils, Ernestine von Fricken , but this relationship was soon broken off. [48], In 1878, Schumann was appointed the first piano teacher of the new Dr. Hoch's Konservatorium in Frankfurt. Woldemar Bargiel was very introverted and forgotten as a composer still during his lifetime. [97] She was one of the first pianists to perform from memory, making it the standard for concerts. Among her 68 known students who made a musical career were Natalia Janotha, Fanny Davies, Nanette Falk, Amina Goodwin, Carl Friedberg, Leonard Borwick, Ilona Eibenschtz, Adelina de Lara, Marie Olson and Mary Wurm. Weiteren funktionellen Cookies knnen Sie gesondert in den Cookie-Einstellungen oder durch Besttigung des Buttons "Akzeptieren" zustimmen. The next few years were devoted mainly to Robert's compositions and to a growing family. During the 19th century, no pianist dominated the concert stage for a longer period than Clara Schumann. Clara Schumann gave birth to eight childrenMarie Schumann (b. The family, including Clara Schumann, was profoundly shocked by her death. Clara Schumann, ne Clara Josephine Wieck, (born Sept. 13, 1819, Leipzig, Saxony [Germany]died May 20, 1896, Frankfurt am Main, Ger. Most of the time, her days were devoted to studying the piano, with lessons also in theory, harmony, counterpoint, composition, singing, score reading and violin. Robert then asked her father for her hand in marriage. They were dedicated to Joachim, who performed them for George V of Hanover, who declared them a "marvellous, heavenly pleasure".[68][69]. [32] Their relationship has been interpreted as somewhere between friendship and love,[33] and Brahms always maintained the utmost respect for her, as a woman and a talented musician. by Peter Ostwald. Another female composer from the same era whose work was also criminally suppressed was Clara Schumann (ne Clara Wieck in Leipzig in 1819). I had of course heard of Clara Schumann - the 19th-century German pianist and composer - but, like many people, simply saw her as the wife of Robert Schumann. "Clara Schumann: A Composer's Wife as Composer. In her early career, before her marriage, she played the customary bravura pieces designed to showcase the artist's technique, often in the form of arrangements or variations on popular themes from operas, written by virtuosos such as Thalberg, Herz, or Henselt. Trans. She produced one to eight compositions every year beginning at age 11, until her output stopped in 1848, producing only a choral work that year for her husband's birthday and leaving her second piano concerto unfinished. When Clara Schumann died on May 20, 1896, at age 77, she had dominated the concert stage for much of the 19th century. In addition to solo piano recitals, chamber music, and accompanying singers, she continued to perform frequently with orchestras. Diese Cookies sind notwendig, damit die grundlegenden Funktionen dieser Website funktionieren knnen, wie z. Lied and lied interpretation, Scientific articles, Schumann Journal 1-10, Appreciations in the Schumann Journal 1-10, Conference Reports (Schumann Journal 1-10), Reviews published in the Schumann Journal 1-10, 200th anniversary of Robert Schumanns birth in 2010, 200th anniversary of Clara Schumanns birth in 2019. In the last year of her life, she left several sketches for piano preludes, designed for piano students, as well as some published cadenzas for her performances of Beethoven and Mozart piano concertos. Birth of Julie Marmorito. Severed from her father, Clara Schumann now faced combining marriage with a concert career, and although she continued to appear in concerts around Leipzig, her longer tours became increasingly rare. She began touring at age eleven, and was successful in Paris and Vienna, among other cities. When her father discovered their growing love, he was furious and forbade them to meet, fearing that marriage might end a brilliant career. Gustav became an instrument maker and went to Vienna in 1838, where Schumann frequently spent time with him during his prolonged stay.In 1845, Gustav was staying in Weimar, but later lived again in Vienna permanently, where he also died.Wieck, Victor (1824/1827), brother. [34] By October 1875, she had recovered enough to begin another tour in Germany. view all Julie Marmorito's Timeline. [31] She hired a housekeeper and a cook to keep house while she was away on her long tours. Therefore, be sure to refer to those guidelines when editing your bibliography or works cited list. After Clara Schumann moved to Baden-Baden as her main residence in 1863, Ludwig attended the grammar school in Karlsruhe as a guest student. Schumann's children all assisted their mother, considering her "the greatest thing [they] possessed in all the world." 1870 were among her outstanding students, and even today there are performers who trace their musical pedagogy back to her ways of training. She took a break from concert performances, beginning in January 1874, cancelling her usual England tour due to an arm injury. [31] She planned a second piano concerto, but only a Konzertsatz in F minor from 1847 survived. In 1838 she was honoured by the Austrian court . [6] Her chamber works include the Piano Trio in G minor, Op. Clara Schumann . "Clara Schumann," in Masters of the Keyboard. Clara's domestic duties were kept as light as her study schedule was heavy. Clara was 35, Brahms 21, she famous, he rather more infamous. However, Marie was not as talented as Clara at all. 10). Like Clara, Marie also did not attend state school but was taught by private tutors, with a focus on foreign languages. During her lifetime, Schumann was an internationally renowned concert pianist. [101] Possibly the best-known film is Song of Love (1947) starring Katharine Hepburn as Clara, Paul Henreid as Robert, and Robert Walker as Brahms. [26], Over her career, Schumann gave over 238 concerts with Joachim in Germany and Britain, more than with any other artist. 1849); Eugenie (b. Marie and Elise took over many household and musical tasks; Julie married at 23 and died of tuberculosis at 27, but Elise did not leave home for marriage until she was 34, and Eugenie remained until 40. View more. 2. As her siblings she grew up in various boarding schools at different . The daughter of a well-known singer in Leipzig, Clara took daily lessons in piano, violin, and music composition. Subsequently, Friedrich Wieck took her on shorter concert tours to Thuringia (Eisenach, Weimar) and Hesse (Kassel). Hosts Allison Charney and Donna Weng Friedman . Die von uns eingesetzten und einsetzbaren Cookies stellen wir Ihnen unter dem Link Cookie-Einstellungen in derDatenschutzerklrungvor. "Schumann, Clara Josephine (ne Wieck)," in International Encyclopedia of Women Composers. He became a violinist, studying with Ferdinand David in Leipzig, and then moved to Reval [now Tallinn] in 1843. Second violinist Joseph Ries (brother of composer Ferdinand Ries) and violist J. Most online reference entries and articles do not have page numbers. [35], Clara Schumann first toured England in April 1856, while her husband was still living but unable to travel. Still, the two siblings reconciled shortly before Alwins death, to Claras great relief.Clara herself promoted Alwin, inter alia, at the piano manufacturing company Grotrian-Steinweg in Braunschweig so that he would receive a price reduction when he bought a new grand piano; she sometimes also spent the summer holidays with him, including the last summer before his death. On the other hand, for more than a year, Clara . [89] Clara, in contrast, came to believe that the personality of the musician should be suppressed so that the composer's vision would be clearly evident to listeners. While taking lessons, he rented a room in the Wieck household and stayed about a year. 54 / work by Schumann", International Music Score Library Project, Clara Schumann: A Composers Wife as Composer, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Clara_Schumann&oldid=1152121828, Chamber virtuosi of the Emperor of Austria, Honorary Members of the Royal Philharmonic Society, All Wikipedia articles written in American English, Pages containing links to subscription-only content, CS1 maint: others in cite AV media (notes), Articles with German-language sources (de), Articles with Italian-language sources (it), Articles with Dutch-language sources (nl), Articles with International Music Score Library Project links, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0, Burstein, L. Poundie: "Their Paths, Her Ways Comparison of Text Settings by Clara Schumann and Other Composers". Clara Josephine Schumann ([klaa uman]; ne Wieck; 13 September 1819 20 May 1896) was a German pianist, composer, and piano teacher. [93] The New Weimar Club, a formal society with Liszt at its center, held an anniversary celebration of the Neue Zeitschrift fr Musik, the magazine Robert Schumann had founded, in his birthplace Zwickau, and conspicuously neglected to invite members of the opposing party, including his widow, Clara. She also composed solo piano pieces, a piano concerto (her Op. )- (Tom Schumacher), Schuppe, Ernst Julius Wilhelm (18361913), https://www.encyclopedia.com/women/encyclopedias-almanacs-transcripts-and-maps/schumann-clara-1819-1896. Professionally, however, her life was complicated by the fact that concert managers and agents did not exist in the mid-19th century. She had never intended to give up her performing career, but travel now meant finding care for the young children, as Robert, who hated being separated from his wife, traveled with her. Later on in 1864 he went to the Hhere Brgerschule' in Karlsruhe and afterwards started an apprenticeship as a bookseller. Jessica Duchen. Our editors will review what youve submitted and determine whether to revise the article. Her Op. The burden of family duties increased over time and narrowed her ability as an artist. 2nd ed. Clara taught Alwin the piano when she was twelve years old. [31], Clara Schumann has been portrayed on screen many times. [50], Banknote, reverse, showing a grand piano that she played, and the building of Dr. Hoch's where she taught. Brahms secretly held Wagner's music in high esteem,[96] and eventually publicly praised Liszt's works as well. A Study of her Life and Work. "[42] Marie also wrote: "For the longer journeys we had a saloon [car], comfortably furnished with arm-chairs and sofas the journey was very comfortable." Ccilie was sickly, and in the spring of 1886, she went to Italy with her friend Laura Peters with the hope to improve her suffering, staying in Cadenabbia, Rome, Capri, and other places until October 1890.Claras relationship with her half-sister was close enough so that she would spend a few summer holidays together with her. In addition to the MLA, Chicago, and APA styles, your school, university, publication, or institution may have its own requirements for citations. [57] In 1879, their son Felix died aged 24. 22", "Clara Schumann, ne Wieck (18191896), wife", "Mariane Wieck-Bargiel, ne Tromlitz (17971872), mother of Clara Schumann", "Five forgotten female composers will be celebrated on BBC Radio 3", "Piano Concerto in A Minor, Op. [31] His letters indicate his strong feelings for Clara. Clara Schumann wrote her first music while still a child, but as she grew older she found less time and energy for composing. One of the most renowned figures among classical musicians of the nineteenth century, Clara Schumann (18191896) was sometimes known, Ccile Chaminade [6][51] She held the teaching post until 1892 and contributed greatly to the improvement of modern piano playing technique. Clara Schumann was born in Leipzig, Germany on September 13, 1819. Four months after her . She turned to including compositions by Baroque composers such as Domenico Scarlatti and Johann Sebastian Bach, but performed especially contemporary music by Chopin, Mendelssohn and her husband, whose music did not attain popularity until the 1850s. But to have children, and a husband who is always living in the realm of imagination, does not go together with composing. Clara Schumann, born Clara Wieck in Leipzig in 1819, was a piano prodigy who made her public debut aged 11. When she was 14 and her future husband 23, he wrote to her: Tomorrow precisely at eleven o'clock I will play the adagio from Chopin's Variations and at the same time I shall think of you very intently, exclusively of you. [106][107] The back of the banknote shows a grand piano she played and the exterior of Dr. Hoch's Konservatorium, where she taught. Sie knnen auch verwendet werden, um ein besseres Kundenerlebnis auf dieser Website zu bieten, z. In 1837, Clara Wieck won great acclaim for her appearance at the Royal Opera House in Berlin. 17 (1846) and Three Romances for Violin and Piano, Op. In a marriage which combined two careers with so many children, it was inevitable that some conflicts would arise. She was known for her extraordinary piano skills and for her collaborations with Johannes Brahms. [51][75] She also edited 20 sonatas by Domenico Scarlatti, letters (Jugendbriefe) by her husband in 1885, and his piano works with fingering and other instructions (Fingersatz und Vortragsbezeichnungen) in 1886. Clara Schumann, ne Wieck, was born in Leipzig on 13 September 1819 and shot to fame as a child prodigy, performing in Paris . In 1878, she embarked on a second career, becoming the full-time principal piano teacher at the Hoch Conservatory in Frankfurt; musicians from around the world flocked to study with her. Part of her responsibility included earning money by giving concerts, though she continued to play throughout her life, not just for the income but because she was an artist by training and nature. [73], For the next 43 years of her life, she only composed piano transcriptions of works by her husband and Brahms, including 41 transcriptions of Robert Schumann's lieder (commissioned by a publisher in 1872), and a short piano duet commissioned for a friend's wedding anniversary in 1879. "Clara Schumann ne Wieck," in The Art of the Piano. Wrote Clement Harris, a Schumann student: "I am proud to be a Schumann-scholar now. She became deaf in later life, and she often needed a wheelchair. i. Sep 13, 2019. "[47], She played her last public concert in Frankfurt on 12 March 1891. When in Basel, Switzerland, she often stayed with the Von der Mhll family. Four months after her youngest brother's birth in January 1824, her mother requested a legal separation. Encyclopedias almanacs transcripts and maps, Women in World History: A Biographical Encyclopedia. [64], As part of the broad musical education given to her by her father, Clara Wieck learned to compose, and from childhood to middle age she produced a good body of work. The judge allowed the marriage, which took place in Gedchtniskirche Schnefeld[de] in Leipzig-Schnefeld on 12 September 1840, the day before Clara's 21st birthday, when she attained majority status. On 20th November 1843, Marie performed for the first time in public, in a concert of her half-sister Clara, with whom she played two movements of a Sonata by Ignaz Moscheles four hands. After that, he worked as a music teacher in Berlin and, thanks to the influence of his famous half-sister and his brother-in-law, was able to publish several compositions. His oeuvre is slim; he wrote orchestral works, chamber music, including three piano trios, string quartets and a string octet, and numerous works for piano two and four hands. Women in World History: A Biographical Encyclopedia. [30][34] In 1883, she performed Beethoven's Choral Fantasy with the newly-formed Berlin Philharmonic, and was enthusiastically celebrated, although she was playing with an injured hand in great pain, having fallen on a staircase the previous day. 7), chamber music, choral pieces, and songs. On the evening of 3 May, Robert and Clara heard that the revolution against King Frederick Augustus II of Saxony for not accepting the "constitution for a German Confederation" had arrived in Dresden. He played a new violin concerto by Felix Mendelssohn, which is said to be wonderful. 20. Should I expect to be the one? [8], Clara Wieck made her official debut on 28 October 1828 at the Gewandhaus in Leipzig, at age nine. [24] A year later, Clara Schumann wrote in her diary that in a concert on 11 November 1845, "little Joachim was very much liked. In 1877, she performed Beethoven's Fifth Piano Concerto in Berlin, with Woldemar Bargiel conducting, her half-brother by her mother's second marriage, and had tremendous success. In describing the works of the opposing school, Clara Schumann was particularly scathing of Wagner, writing of his Tannhuser, that he "wears himself out in atrocities", describing Lohengrin as "horrible", and referring to Tristan und Isolde as "the most repugnant thing I have ever seen or heard in all my life". 8) and the popular Scherzo (Op. [34] She was the first to perform many of his works in public, including the Variations and Fugue on a Theme by Handel, a solo piano work written by Brahms in 1861. But Robert, the musical public, and reviewers all took Clara's compositions seriously. Within the Cite this article tool, pick a style to see how all available information looks when formatted according to that style. She also gave piano lessons and sang in the Singakademie music society. After that, she became independent and lived together with her friend Agnes von Bohlen. 8195. Schumann's general education was limited to a few months in a primary school, with eight additional months at a larger institute. Rick Fulker. 20 through 23. Wieck, Adelheid (1817/18), sister Wieck, Friedrich Alwin Feodor (1821-1885), brother Since Clara was at home in the center of attention, her brothers Alwin and Gustav were not supported to the same extent Clara was and were soon leaving home to be on their . [51], Robert Schumann gave his wife a diary on their wedding day. She married the composer Robert Schumann, and the couple had eight children. As it was customary to play one's own compositions, she included at least one of her own works in every program, such as Variations on a Theme by Bellini (Op. [1] Her mother was a famous singer in Leipzig who performed weekly piano and soprano solos at the Gewandhaus. Since Robert could not support his large family by composing, Clara performed to help meet their expenses. [6], From December 1837 to April 1838, at the age of 18, Wieck performed a series of recitals in Vienna. [21], For the entire two years of Robert Schumann's stay at the institution, his wife was not permitted to visit him, while Brahms visited him regularly. ), German pianist, composer, and wife of composer Robert Schumann. B. das sichere Einloggen, das Laden von Bildern oder die Auswahl Ihrer Cookie-Einstellungen. [6] In Weimar, she performed a bravura piece by Henri Herz for Goethe, who presented her with a medal with his portrait and a written note saying: "For the gifted artist Clara Wieck". teaching assistant resignation notice period, catfish mike and caroline where are they now,
